Today I would like to continue our tour around this country where I am now, becouse today, August 11th, it is not a typical day for Chadians but one of the greatests days of the year: Chad Independence Day.


The territory we know today as the Republic of Chad and whose geographical situation I already defined in my previous post, was home to many old civilizations and kingdoms such as Sao, Kanem-Bornu, Ouaddai and Baguirmi. The current borders of Chad don´t coincide with any natural or ethnic limit but just the heritage of the colonial era (late nineteenth century), in which French, Italian, German and others divided the African territories to form colonies and protectorates. As a consequence of this, Chad is a country with incredible diversity, where a enormous variety of ethnicities, religions and languages coexist. Given this cultural diversity and rivalry for power between the different ethnic groups, it is not so difficult to understand the lack of sense of national unity that has existed and still exists in the country, both during his 51 years of French colonialism as from its independence in 1960.
Chad's story is, in general terms, a history full of wars, conflicts and political instability, conspiracies, violent repression, oppression, massacres and hate. Simplifying the most of this trangled web, we could say that the differences between the North (mainly islamist arabs and nomadic people from the desert) and the South (predominantly ethnic Sara, devotees of Christianity or Animism, an ancient African religion that mixes the natural with the supernatural and the world of the living to the dead) have made exist, for many years, a struggle for power and a favoritism from the government to his own culture. This lack of unity plunged the country into a civil war during nearly two decades and has even led to conquest attempts by the neighboring Libya. In addition, Sudan has sometimes been accused of sheltering Chadian rebels (as Sudan accused Chad of hosting Darfur rebels) and this has not helped relations with this country.
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Investiture day |
Today, despite the apparent calm and good relations with Libya, we can not claim that things have changed much. The country is ruled by Idriss Déby (Northern Muslim) since 1996. Elections are held every 5 years, and in 2005 he abolished the presidential two-term limit, thus ensuring his reelection. Last monday (August 8th) we could attend here in N'djamena the investiture of the same president, for the fourth time in a row (along with a big problem of lack of fuel in the country, and therefore in the hospital, due to lower prices generated by the campaign promises). I have not much data to tell about the elections, because I was not here at that time, but besides, I would not like to find a picture of myselt at the customs if I eventually decide to come back here ;)
And as I said, the conflicts continue, and in both 2006 and 2008, there were attacks by rebels in the capital. These attacks probably didn´t reach over due to the strong French military presence in the country, as France maintains a military base in N'Djamena (the same French guys that invade the swimmingpool at the Meridien and the Novotel every Sunday ...).
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Transparency International |
In addition, Chad is considered as the 8th most corrupt country in the world (according to Transparency International in 2010, after others such as Somalia, Afghanistan, Iraq and Sudan) and most Western governments warn against non-essential travel to N'Djamena and against all travel to therest of the country (and I dare to write this because I have just 6 days left here, if not my mother probably would go crazy ...).
A few years ago it seemed that the country's situation could change due to the discovery of oil deposits in the southern territories and exploitation of these thanks to the pipeline that reaches the Atlantic coast in Cameroon. But although the World Bank and Chad signed an agreement in which Chad granted 70% of revenue to poverty reduction programs, few changes have been observed since then.
Well, after this tour of politics I could go on for hours talking about the consequences of these conflicts, including the lack of transport, lack of roads and railways, the lack of plumbing and electricity, the drop in number of animals at the national parks, etc, etc, but the truth is I would rather talk about these people´s rich multiculturalism, since it is what I get to see with my eyes every day.
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Contrasts in the capital |
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Children from the south |
Among the 10 million people Chad have, there are over 200 ethnic groups and although the country's official languages are French and Chadian Arabic (which has about 30 dialects), many people do not speak any of them. Children, however, are able to speak several languages before have completed 9 or 10 years.
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Girls selling nuts in Yamena |
The family is the foundation of Chadian society (the status of women increases whit the number of children they have), but male chauvinism and polygamy are still quite ingrained in society. The Chadians value on friendship and generosity and always offer the best they have to their visitors, whether or not expected, feeling fortunate to share what they have. I have to admit that I often feel overwhelmed by so much generosity of those who don´t have much to offer, as everytime I pass by people who are eating they always offer me to have a sit with them.
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Patients family |
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Nation Square |
And while, on the other side of the river, in
front of the presidential palace (of which I cannot show photos because I
would never think of taking out the camera in front of such amount of
submachine guns), there are parades today to celebrate Chad Independence , I can´t stop thinking what it is we have to celebrate so much. Once again, western hands probably came where they should not, always in search of their own interests. Perhaps without our help, these people would not be calling theirselves Chadian, but they would continue to live together in their small communities, more or less in balance, respecting each other´s culture and customs, without having to live under the ideas of those that have the upper hand.
By looking at these people we see Chadians. But if we look beyond we will see a cultural heritage of centuries: Catholics, Protestants, Muslims, Animists, farmers, fishermen, traders, nomads, Arabs, Sara, Gura, Tumak, Tangala, Fulani, Daza, etc, etc. And I wonder, were really the French who gave them independence, or were they who took it away from them?
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Somewhere in Chad |
Chadian greetings! :)
1 comentarios:
Cuñá...de médico a cronista ;-p ... como siempre, acercándonos a la realidad de Chad...gracias por los pots...
PD.Sólo 6 días...¡¡¡yujuuuuu!!!...:-)
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